633 Battle of Haethfelth: Kings Penda of Mercia & Cadwallon of Gwynedd defeat Edwin of Northumbria

996 Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, age c. 11, becomes Caliph of Egypt, noted scientist, bibliophile, and eccentric, he disappears in 1021

1066 Battle of Hastings: William the Conqueror wins England

1282 Battle of Nicotera: Catalan fleet defeats the Angevins

1431 Battle of Waidhofen: The Hapsburgs defeat the Hussites

1586 Mary Queen of Scots tried for conspiracy against her cousin, Elizabeth of England

1758 Battle of Hochkirch: Austrian Marshal Daun defeats Frederick the Great

1773 Neapolitan frigate 'Etruria' captures a Moroccan pirate off Sicily

1805 Battle of Elchingen: French defeat the Austrians

1806 Battle of Auerstadt: Davout's outnumbered French defeat the Prussians

1806 Battle of Jena: Napoleon's French defeat the outnumbered Prussians

1843 British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy

1867 The 15th & last Tokugawa Shogun resigns, Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1867-1868)

1912 Theodore Roosevelt wounded by an assassin but continues his speech anyway

1920 Part of Petsamo province ceded by the Soviet Union to Finland

1925 Anti-French uprising in Damascus

1933 Nazi Germany announces withdrawal from League of Nations

1941 Adm Husband Kimmel warns of a possible surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.

1942 Guadalcanal: Japanese ships land reinforcements, shell Marines

1942 New Guinea: Heavy fighting, Templeton's Crossing, Kokoda Trail.

1943 Attempted mass escape from Sobibor Concentration Camp

1943 US Army Air Force subjects Rabaul to a major air raid.

1943 US Army Air Force bombs Schweinfurt

1944 British troops enter Athens

1944 USN completes 3rd day of airstrikes against Formosa.

1947 Chuck Yeager takes a Bell XS-1 on the first supersonic flight, to Mach 1.015

1949 Chinese Red army occupies Canton

1963 Border clashes between Algeria and Morocco

1965 Joe Engle reaches 80 km in the X-15

1986 Concentration camp survivor Elie Wiesel wins the Nobel Peace Prize