571 BC First triumph of the Roman King Servius Tullius, for the defeat of the Etruscans

1034 Accession of Duncan mac Crinain as King Duncan I of Scots (1034-1040)

1177 Battle of Montgisard: King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem & 200 knights defeat Saladin

1357 Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV issues letter of protection to the Jews of Strasbourg

1405 Padua surrenders to the Venetians after a long siege

1643 Battle of Tuttlingen: Imperialists defeat the French

1758 The British capture Fort Duquesne at the head of the Ohio River from the French

1760 Accession of King George III of Great Britain (1760-1820)

1775 Congress begins issuing Letters of Marque and Reprisal

1783 Evacuation Day: the British leave New York City, their last base in the US, and that evening Governor George Clinton of New York honors George Washington with a banquet at Fraunces' Tavern, where thirteen toasts were offered, beginning with "The United States of America"

1809 Perleberg, Ger: British diplomat Benjamin Bathurst vanishes, most likely snatched by Napoleon's agents, but fueling numerous woo-woo theories

1811 Napoleon imprisons the Roman Marchese Giovanni Patrizi for refusing to send his sons, aged 12 and 9, to a military academy

1863 Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tennessee

1864 The Confederate attempt to burn New York, causing minor damage & interrupting a performance of 'Julius Caesar' starring the Booth brothers, the only occasion on which they appeared on the stage together

1865 The Guano War: The Chilean Navy captures the Spanish sloop 'Covadonga' and put her into service

1867 Alfred Nobel invents dynamite

1876 Battle of Crazy Woman Fork/Dull Knife: the Army disperses a Sioux-Cheyenne encampment

1917 Battle of Negomano: German troops defeat the Portuguese in northern Mozambique

1922 Crown Prince Hirohito, 22, appointed Prince-Regent of Japan

1936 Germany & Japan sign the "Anti-Comintern Pact"

1940 Maiden flights of the de Havilland Mosquito & the Martin B-26 Marauder, one on each side of the pond

1943 Battle of Cape St. George: 5 US destroyers sink 3 Japanese destroyers

1944 Kamikaze damage four US carriers off the Philippines

1961 USS 'Enterprise' (CVN 65), the first nuclear-powered carrier, is commissioned, to commence 51 years of service; decommissioned 2012

1983 Syria & Saudi Arabia announce cease-fire in PLO civil war in Lebanon