1471 Battle of Tewksbury: Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians, making Edward IV King of England

1481 Neapolitans liberate Otranto from the Ottomans

1493 Pope Alexander VI divides the Americas between Spain & Portugal

1540 Treaty of Constantinople, between Venice and Turkey

1626 Peter Minuit buys Manhattan from the Indians, for a lot more than $24

1652 Battle of Etampes: Turenne's French Royal Army defeats the Fronde rebels

1799 Battle of Seringapatam: The English capture the city from Tipu Sultan of Mysore

1814 Bourbon Restoration in France; Louis XVIII "the Unavoidable" becomes king (1814-1815, 1815-1824)

1858 Mexican War of Reform: The Juaristas establish a capital at Vera Cruz

1863 Battle of Chancellorsville: Army of the Potomac withdraws

1864 U. S. Grant crosses the Rapidan to begin the Overland Campaign

1865 Confederate Lt Gen Richard Taylor surrenders to Maj Gen Edward Canby, at Citronelle, Ala

1865 Lincoln is laid to rest in Springfield, Ill

1886 Haymarket riot in Chicago; bomb kills 7 policemen in a still-unsolved crime

1891 Sherlock Holmes falsely reported dead at Reichenbach Falls

1898 U.S. landing party skirmishes with Spanish troops at Guanoy, Philippines

1912 Italians capture Rhodes from the Turks

1916 Germany abandons unrestricted submarine warfare, at the "request" of the US

1917 "The Mayflower Returns" - US destroyers reach Ireland, to join the U-Boat war

1917 Arab rioters sack the Jewish settlement of Tel Aviv

1942 Corregidor subject to intense artillery and aerial bombardment.

1942 USS "Yorktown" (CV-5) raids Japanese at Tulagi, damaging a destroyer.

1945 British ships bombard Japanese in the Sakishimas, off Okinawa

1945 German troops in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Norway surrender

1946 US Marines recapture Alcatraz from rioting prisoners

1970 Ohio National Guard kills four students at Kent State, Ohio