1249 Battle of Damietta: Crusaders defeat the Ayyubids

1284 Battle of Castellammare: Ruggiero di Lauria's Aragonese-Sicilian fleet defeats the Angevin-Neapolitans

1288 Battle of Worringen: Brabant defeats Guelders

1305 Bertrand de Got elected Pope as Clement V (1305-1314)

1589 Battle of Lisbon: Spanish beat off an English assault -- The first defeat of the "English Armada", and attempt to seize the Azores and raise Portugal against Spain

1595 Battle of Fontaine-Francaise: French defeat the Spanish

1637 Battle of Mystic: English colonists kill 500 Pequot Indian who had threatened to wipe them out

1659 Aurangzeb becomes Mogul Emperor of India (1659-1707)

1794 Congress bars citizens from serving in foreign armed forces

1796 France and Naples conclude an armistice

1799 First Battle of Zurich, Day 2: Austrians v. French (ends 7th)

1806 Napoleon turns the Batavian Republic into the Kingdom of Holland

1827 Turks capture the acropolis during the Greek War of Independence

1863 Battle of Franklin's Crossing/Deep Run, VA

1864 Battle of Piedmont/Augusta City, VA

1884 Sherman says, "If nominated, I will not run; if elected, I will not serve."

1916 HMS 'Hampshire', mined off the Orkneys, c. 600 die

1917 US begins draft registration: 10 million eventually sign up

1942 Explosion at the Elwood Ordnance Plant, Illinois, 54 die

1942 Midway Campaign: B-17s claim great success against Japanese ships, score no hits

1942 Midway Campaign: Yamamoto orders the Combined Fleet to retire.

1942 USA declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, & Romania

1943 Air Battle, Russell Is: Japanese lose 24, US 7 planes

1943 Battle of the Pribilof Is: B-17s mistake islands for a Japanese fleet, claim great success, and do massacre a lot of seals

1944 First B-29 raid over Tokyo; one lost to engine failure

1945 Typhoon: 30 major US warships and dozens of support vessels damaged.

1947 SecState George C Marshall outlines the "Marshall Plan"

1967 Six-Day War begins between Israel & its Arab neighbors

1984 Indira Gandhi orders attack on Sikh Golden Temple