490 BC Battle of Marathon: Athenians & Plataeans defeat the Persians [or 12th]

9 Battle of the Teutoburg Forest -- "Quinctilius Varus, Quinctilius Varus, give me my three legions back."

337 Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans I become co-Emperors in succession to their father Constantine the Great (d. May), after having eliminated several potential rivals.

1303 Caetani troops liberate Pope Boniface VIII from the Colonna at Anagni

1502 The Pact of Mugione: Cesare Borgia's enemies conclude an alliance

1503 Gianpaolo Baglioni recaptures Perugia from Cesare Borgia, as the Vitelli family recover Citta di Castello

1505 A Florentine attempt to storm besieged Pisa fails, possibly due to bribes to the republic's mercenary captains, Antonio Giacomini & Ercole Bentivogli

1513 Battle of Flodden Field: English defeat James IV of Scotland

1567 Invited by the Duke of Alba to a banquet in Brussels, the rebellious Dutch Counts of Egmont and of Hoorn find themselves under arrest [See June 5]

1609 Henry Hudson sails up his river in the 'Half Moon'

1739 Slave revolt in Stono, SC: c. 25 whites, 50 blacks die

1776 "The United Colonies" adopt the name "The United States of America"

1825 Lafayette sails for France after a year-long visit to America

1863 Battle of Cumberland Gap, TN

1867 Luxembourg declared independent of the North German Confederation

1870 French franc-tireurs blow up the arsenal at Laon, killing 40 Prussian soldiers, and wounding many others.

1903 N.Y. National Guard wins the first National Rifle Matches; Sea Girt, N.J.

1922 Turkish troops capture Smyrna from the Greeks, effectively ending the Greek attempt to conquer Anatolia

1939 German 15th Mtzd Inf massacres 300 Polish P/Ws near Ciepielow

1940 Congress passes the "Two Ocean Navy" Bill: 12 CVs, 7 BBs, c. 190 other ships authorized.

1942 Aussie 25th Bde rushes up the Kokoda Trail to support Egofi

1942 Sub-based pilot Nobuo Fujita firebombs Mt. Emily, Ore.

1943 Operation Avalanche: Anglo-American forces land at Salerno, Italy

1943 The Japanese seize the Italian subs 'Capellini', 'Giuliani', & 'Torelli' at Sebang, Sumatra, but the sloop Eritrea escapes, to make for Ceylon

1944 Allied troops liberate Luxembourg from the Germans

1944 TF 38 carriers begin a 2-day raid on Japanese bases on Mindanao.

1948 People's Democratic Republic of [North] Korea proclaimed

1955 The premiere Audie Murphy's "To Hell and Back", in which he played himself

1990 GHW Bush and Gorbachev meet in Helsinki & urge Iraq to leave Kuwait

1999 Terrorist bombing of an apartment house in Moscow, c. 93 die; one of several attacks across Russia by persons still unknown

2003 24 tons of steel from the World Trade Center are melted & poured at a steel mill in Louisiana to form the bow section of the new USS 'New York' (LPD-21)